Abstract
Exploring the Impact of Size and Charge of Lipid Nanoparticles on Lymphatic Distribution: Perceptivity from Microfluidic Mixing Method
Author(s): Khan Nasrullah, Siraj Muzzammil, Rehman Abdul, Yaseen Tayyaba, Waseem Maimuna
Issue: Nov/Dec 2025 - Volume 29, Number 6
Page(s): 463-476
Abstract
This review composition explores the advancements and challenges in the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for targeted medicine delivery to the lymphatic system, with a focus on immunotherapies and vaccines. The lymphatic system's unique role in immune response and fluid regulation makes it an ideal target for nanoparticle based curatives. This review examines the impact of LNP characteristics, sizes and surface charges on their lymphatic uptake and retention. Previous studies indicated that nanoparticles with compasses under 100 nm are most effective for entering lymphatic vessels and sustaining remedial action. The review highlights the influence of surface charge on cellular uptake and bio distribution, noting that appreciatively charged nanoparticles tend to have efficient cellular uptake but may face rapid immune elimination, while negatively charged or neutral nanoparticles frequently exhibited prolonged circulation times. Also, the review addresses the contribution of microfluidic methods in the synthesis of LNPs, emphasizing their advantages in producing invariant drug delivery systems with precise size and charge parcels. By comparing traditional formulation styles with microfluidic approaches, the review identifies crucial benefits in terms of reproducibility and scalability. The review further synthesizes findings on the clinical challenges to these advancements, particularly in enhancing the efficacy of vaccines and immunotherapies through improved lymphatic targeting. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive analysis of current exploration, identifies gaps in knowledge, and suggests potential directions for optimizing LNP-based curatives for lymphatic medicine delivery.