Basic Principles of Lyophilization, Part 1
Author(s): Akers Michael J
Issue: Nov/Dec 2015 - Volume 19, Number 6
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Page(s): 471-476
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Abstract: The achievement of a high-quality lyophilized (freezedried) dosage form involves the combination of optimal formulation design and optimal freeze-dry cycle design. This 2-part article describes how this can be done. Part 1 discusses the basic principles and procedures of lyophilization up to a discussion on the different stages of lyophilization. The stages of lyophilization are discussed in part 2.
Related Keywords: lyophilization, freezing-drying, freeze dried, freeze-dry cycle, parenteral drugs, biopharmaceuticals, stability, vacuum, volatile compounds, compounded sterile preparations, small molecules, large molecules, buffering agents, surface-active agents, competitive-binding agents, proteins, cyroprotectants, amino acids, polymers, polyols, sugars, polyethylene glycol, lyoprotectants